Introduction to Birthstones for Scorpio Turquoise, Labradorite, citrine, amethyst, beryl, corundum, garnet, red coral, tourmaline, Topaz, and quartz are essential types of gemstones. Gemstones are rocks chosen for their gorgeous color, rarity, and long-lasting quality. The gemstones are also known as gems or jewels. Gemstones come in various species, classified